By this time, Huxley had already established himself as a writer and social satirist. Huxley wrote Brave New World while living in Sanary-sur-Mer, France, in the four months from May to August 1931. It has landed on the American Library Association list of top 100 banned and challenged books of the decade since the association began the list in 1990. Despite this, Brave New World has frequently been banned and challenged since its original publication.
In 2003, Robert McCrum, writing for The Observer, included Brave New World chronologically at number 53 in "the top 100 greatest novels of all time", and the novel was listed at number 87 on The Big Read survey by the BBC. In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Brave New World at number 5 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. The novel is often compared to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (published 1949). Huxley followed this book with a reassessment in essay form, Brave New World Revisited (1958), and with his final novel, Island (1962), the utopian counterpart. Largely set in a futuristic World State, whose citizens are environmentally engineered into an intelligence-based social hierarchy, the novel anticipates huge scientific advancements in reproductive technology, sleep-learning, psychological manipulation and classical conditioning that are combined to make a dystopian society which is challenged by only a single individual: the story's protagonist. Brave New World is a dystopian social science fiction novel by English author Aldous Huxley, written in 1931 and published in 1932.
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